Wolverine ID

Identification of wolverines and their tracks in the field can be tricky. Below are some details of wolverine tracks and track patterns. Not sure if the tracks you found are wolverine? Take photos of sets of tracks, and individual footprints that include a scale, such as a ruler, a measured avalanche probe, or your hand – anything we can use to estimate size – then send us your observation and we will help sort it out!

View photograph examples of wolverine tracks in our image gallery.

Download our Quick Guide to wolverine track identification and how to document tracks in the field.

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Front print

Overall size and shape: Front and hind tracks are similar in size and shape, with the front slightly wider than the hind. The heel registers sometimes, giving the track either an ice-cream cone shape or round shape. Tracks can range in size from 3.5-7 “ long x 3-5” wide.

Hind Print

Toe shape and arrangement: Front and hind feet have 5 toes which are arranged in a relatively even arc. Arrangement of the toes is similar in front and rear tracks. Occasionally the inside toe doesn't register in tracks. The palm pad is an asymmetrical chevron shape. Tracks are often confused with Lynx and Wolf who have only 4 toes, and Pine Marten which present a similar shape print, but much smaller (1.5- 3” long x 1-2.5” wide).

Bound

2×2: This track pattern is seen in deep, loose snow conditions. The left and right front tracks land side by side, with one side slightly ahead of the other. The hind tracks land directly in the prints left by the front tracks.

Lope

1/2/1: This track pattern is found in firmer snow conditions or when the animal increases speed. The pattern is made by a front foot, followed by the other front foot paired with the hind from the opposite side of the body , followed by the final hind foot.

Common mis-identifications in the field

Black bear

Cubs may be similar in size to wolverine and adults much larger. Tail is very small, often unnoticeable.

Wolverine

Head more elongated than a bear. Brownish overall with a noticeable light stripe of fur along the sides of its back. Distinctive blazes on chest. Medium sized bushy tail.

Badger

Lighter colored overall with long fur along the sides and a low-slung appearance. Distinctive striping on the head and face.

Hoary Marmot

About half the size of a wolverine. Grayish overall with portions of the head darker than the body. Lacking the distinctive light stripes along the sides of its back.